Our sun is name Sol, and is the defining name for our star system the solar system. Then name is now generic in that it's use to define all stellar systems as solar systems. Sol is of course the closest star to our on planet and as such is the most study star of all.
Our Sun is a normal main-sequence G2 star, one of more than 100 billion stars in our galaxy.
diameter: 1,390,000 km.
mass: 1.989e30 kg
temperature: 5800 K (surface)
15,600,000 K (core)
The Sun is by far the largest object in the solar system. It contains more than 99.8% of the total mass of the Solar System (Jupiter contains most of the rest).
It supplies the Earth with heat and radiation as light so that we can see and that plants can grow. The sun is so vital to life that even primitive man knew this and worship the sum as a god.
It was thought in earlier times, ancient Greek, that it was Apollo in his chariot crossing the sky. Eventually renaissance astronomers determine that in fact it was the earth that circle the sun.